Aspirin history pdf

It is also used for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and there is growing work on its role in the prevention and management of cancer. The International Aspirin Foundation was established in and exists to increase knowledge, understanding and medical interest in aspirin by sharing information, encouraging discussion, and inspiring collaboration and future research. We do this by hosting regular conferences and events; by disseminating information on all aspects of the history, current understanding, and future potential of aspirin; and by celebrating excellence in research through a programme of scientific awards.

Guided by a world class Scientific Advisory Board, we help connect experts from a variety of backgrounds including pharmacology, neurology, gastroenterology, oncology and cardiology.

Bringing that multidisciplinary expertise together is hugely valuable in building medical understanding of aspirin and enables new ideas for the successful medical application of this versatile, inexpensive, and accessible drug. We are a non-political, not for profit independent organisation. We are an open forum for all views, both complimentary and critical. We do not provide direct medical advice and would encourage anyone with questions about their own use of aspirin for prevention, treatment or management of any condition to speak with their own doctor.

Ge Junbo, male, was born in Wulian, Shandong province on Nov. He is the member of Chinese Academy of Sciences, professor and doctoral supervisor.

He is also the designate chairman of the Cardiovascular Disease Branch of Chinese Medical Association, council member of the Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions Association, international consultant of the American Heart Association.

In Dec. Ge has been engaged in clinical and scientific research work of cardiovascular disease since , and his research area covers the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease, early diagnosis and treatment plan optimization.

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Professional Setting:. My academic experience includes more than 40 years as a practicing medical doctor, teacher, and researcher. Academic Activities:. What about aspirin? The History of Aspirin B. None other than the father of medicine himself, the Greek formerly known as Hippocrates, was said to recommend a brew made with leaves from the willow tree Cortex salicis to ease pain of certain eye diseases and of childbirth.

Aspirin makes the Bible! The Old Testament Book of Leviticus reads in one passage in reference to the medicinal benefits from the fruits of the willows: 'boughs of goodly trees, Rolling into A. The decoction of ye leaves and barck is an excellent formentation for ye Gout Like the sands through the hour glass Not much was written or modified on Hippocrates initial remedy from the willow tree until the 17th century when the fruits of the fever tree were cultivated in South America.

In , an Augustinian Monk named Calantha living in Peru described how bark from this fever tree, made into powder and given as a beverage cured high fevers. History has it In , Calantha used this product to treat the Countess of Chinchon, wife of the viceroy to Peru who fell ill to a wicked case of malaria. The Jesuits began importing this tree bark back to Europe where it became known as Peruvian or Jesuit bark. History rolls on What does Quinine have to do with aspirin?

Good Question. The bitterness of the quinine was the basis for the next chapter in the history of Aspirin. Edward Stone, decided to walk through a marsh and start tasting bark from trees some one needed to be cut off! History tells the story Rev Stone recognized a similarity in the bitterness of the cinchona bark and its quinine and that of the taste of the bark from the white willow tree Salix alba.

Paracelsus's Doctrine of Signatures So many believed that the best place to find cures for disease was in the same place it was caused. In that, many people with rheumatic diseases used to complain in damp environments of worsening pain and even fevers. Stone, using this doctrine, with the bitter flavor of the willow bark, a tree that grew in damp marshy environments, might be a link to treating fevers and rheumatism. To the Lab good Reverand - Rev. Stone made an extraction from the willow bark and administered it to 50 people.

His extraction was effective in reducing fevers and he presented this to the president of the Royal Society in The New England Journal of the s in Europe. Willow Bark Takes off! Cinchona Bark remained as the staple for treating fevers until it gradually became scarce and was then replaced with the willow bark preparation.

A few years later Johann Buchner, professor of pharmacy at the University of Munich, isolated a tiny amount of bitter tasting yellow, needle-like crystals, which he called salicin. Two Italians, Brugnatelli and Fontana, had in fact already obtained salicin in , but in a highly impure form. By Henri Leroux had improved the extraction procedure to obtain about 30g from 1.

Meadowsweet Johann Pagenstecher, a pharmacist from Berne, had obtained salicylaldehyde by distilling the flowers of meadowsweet, and sent it to a German chemist, Karl Lowig. Were Getting there In Raffaele Piria, around the same time, then working at the Sorbonne in Paris, split salicin into a sugar and an aromatic component salicylaldehyde.

He soon converted the latter, by hydrolysis and oxidation, to an acid of crystallised colourless needles, which he named salicylic acid. By Chance Two sources of salicylic acid meadowsweet and willow bark were cultivated to keep up with the demand from those patients seeking relief of their fever and pain.

Unfortunately though, no pain no gain. SO Much More is Right! The current preparations came with distressing side effects Severe irritation of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach as well as tinnitus.

Sodium, the Great Neutralizer! Not so much attempts to neutralize the salicylic acid as a neutral sodium salt were done without much improvement.

This formulation however was endorsed globally because it was felt to be a step in the right direction. Finally, a new kindler gentler ASA! Any credit for Gerhardt? He found this acetyl group addition did buffer the compound however was a very tedious and complex procedure so he unfortunately abandoned his research on the topic.

He also died at age 40 never to have a chance to revisit his work. At least the story books say so Felix Hoffman, a young chemist working for the pioneering pharmaceutical firm of BAYER, had an interest in this acetylsalicylic acid as an alternative to still being used sodium salicylate.

More on the Hoffmeister Hoffman was Born in Ludwigsburg, Germany in , started his career as a dispensing chemist after leaving school, fascinated, he decided to study pharmacy and chemistry in Munich. In he achieved the first great success of his life - he completed his pharmaceutical studies at Munich University with honors. He continued to study chemistry and successfully completed his doctorate in When Felix Hoffmann retired in , "his" Aspirin was known throughout the world. He, however, lived unrecognized until his death on February 8, in Switzerland.

There he devoted himself to a passion which had nothing to do with pharmacy and chemistry, namely the history of art. Hoffman - "his" Aspirin was known throughout the world. He, however, lived unrecognized until his death on February 8, Aspirin supposedly produced in Hoffmans lab in August, and patented in Who is Arthur Eichengrn?

Jewish Scientist - Hoffmans boss at Bayer. Credited with many other acetylation discoveries including acetylcellulose.

Held in Theresienstadt concentration camp for 14 months starting in after being banned from civil service and independent positions in the professions. Not in the position in Nazi Era to report what he says is the truth about aspirin. Eichengrn Ignored! He actually narrows the spectrum of salicylic derivatives to find acetylsalicylic the superior form for efficacy and minimal side effects. Hoffman simply follows his instructions in the lab.

His discoveries of acetylcellulose in the Hall of Honour chemical section at the German Museum in Munich, remain uncredited to this day.

Finally pill form in as mg tablets. Its uses spread like wildfire throughout US and Europe. The First RCT? Kurt Wittauer, at Deaconess hospital in Halle. The findings are published the same year in a journal entitled "Die Heilkunde" "Medical Science". And the Hits just keep on Comin! DOH, Patent is up! The Wonder Drug Dr. Accompanies Armstrong and Apollo 11 in its medicine cabinet. The Era of Aspirin Its not just for pain anymore! Kune shows may reduce risk of colon cancer.

Were almost done So what about our patient from the beginning, Mr. Cinchona should we give him an aspirin? What is his Framingham risk? And about those questions? For some more Swedish fish 1.

Who is credited for discovering Aspirin? What are two current medicinal uses of Aspirin? References: 1. Elwood PC. Aspirin: past, present and future. Journal Article] Clinical Medicine. Sneader W. The discovery of aspirin: a reappraisal. Historical Article.

Journal Article] BMJ. Manley L. A look back: the wonder drug. Journal Article] Journal of Emergency Nursing.

The discovery of aspirin. Journal Article] Nursing Standard.